- Anatomy: Study of the structure and organization of living things.
- Physiology: Branch of biology that deals with the functions of living organisms and their parts.
- Pathology: Study of diseases and their causes, processes, development, and consequences.
- Microbiology: Study of microscopic organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
- Immunology: Study of the immune system and its functions in defending the body from infections and diseases.
- Genetics: Study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
- Epidemiology: Study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations.
- Biochemistry: Study of chemical processes within and related to living organisms.
- Pharmacology: Study of drugs and their effects on the body.
- Neuroscience: Scientific study of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Endocrinology: Study of hormones and their physiological functions in the body.
- Cardiology: Branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
- Oncology: Study and treatment of tumors and cancers.
- Hematology: Study of blood and blood-forming tissues.
- Gastroenterology: Study of the digestive system and its disorders.
- Pulmonology: Branch of medicine that deals with the respiratory system and its diseases.
- Nephrology: Study of the kidneys and their diseases.
- Dermatology: Study of the skin and its diseases.
- Orthopedics: Branch of medicine dealing with the musculoskeletal system and its disorders.
- Ophthalmology: Study of the eye and its diseases.
- Urology: Study of the urinary system and its disorders.
- Radiology: Branch of medicine dealing with imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, etc.
- Anesthesiology: Study and administration of anesthesia for pain relief during surgery or other medical procedures.
- Psychiatry: Branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders and their treatment.
- Pediatrics: Branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.
- Geriatrics: Branch of medicine dealing with the health and care of elderly people.
- Oncogenomics: Study of cancer-related genes and their interactions.
- Biotechnology: Use of living organisms or their systems to develop products for various uses.
- Bioinformatics: Application of computer science and information technology to the field of biology.
- Stem cells: Cells with the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body.
- Precision medicine: Customized healthcare that tailors medical treatment to individual characteristics.
- CRISPR: A gene-editing technology used to modify DNA sequences and modify gene function.
- Telemedicine: Remote diagnosis and treatment of patients using telecommunications technology.
- Regenerative medicine: Field focused on replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function.
- Nanotechnology: Manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.
- Vaccinology: Study of vaccines and vaccination.
- Holistic medicine: Approach to healthcare that considers the whole person – body, mind, spirit, and emotions – in the quest for optimal health and wellness.
- Neonatology: Medical care for newborn infants, especially those born prematurely or with health problems.
- Pharmacogenomics: Study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs.
- Tissue engineering: Growing tissues or organs by combining cells and biomaterials to restore or replace damaged ones.
